Science & Research

Science & Research Grant Programs

STEM research, basic science, innovation, and technology development programs.

Category overview. The Science & Research category groups 44 active federal assistance programs from the SAM.gov Assistance Listings catalog. These programs run across 5 distinct federal agencies, with the heaviest concentration at National Science Foundation (20 programs), U.S. Department of Energy (16 programs), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (6 programs). Every listing feeds into the Grants.gov announcement system, where agencies publish their Notices of Funding Opportunity (NOFOs) with specific deadlines, forms, and evaluation criteria. Categories exist to help applicants find relevant programs quickly, but each program has its own authorizing legislation and rules.

Funding scale. SAM.gov publishes funding range data for 44 of the 44 science & research programs. The largest listed award ceiling in this category is $20.0 million, and the median ceiling across programs with published ranges is $3.0 million. Published award ranges reflect the envelope across all awards a program may issue in a year, not the amount any single applicant should expect. Appropriations, applicant pool size, and scoring all shape the final allocation. First-time applicants are wise to read several historical award announcements in a category to calibrate realistic project budgets.

Who applies. Across the 44 science & research programs, the most frequently listed eligibility categories are educational institution (39 programs), for profit small business (13 programs), nonprofit (6 programs). Every applicant must hold an active SAM.gov registration and a Unique Entity ID (UEI), regardless of entity type. Nonprofits should keep their IRS determination letter on file; state and local governments route submissions through an authorizing official; tribal organizations apply under set-aside rules; educational institutions typically work through an institutional pre-award office. The PlainGrants science & research listings link directly to each program's CFDA page, where you can check current eligibility, funding range, open Grants.gov opportunities, and the administering agency.

44 active science & research programs:

47.041 National Science Foundation

Accelerating Research Translation

Strengthens translational research capacity at emerging research institutions to move ideas to practice.

Eligible: educational institution

Up to $2M

47.041 National Science Foundation

ADVANCE Institutional Transformation

Grants to increase participation and advancement of women in academic STEM careers.

Eligible: educational institution

Up to $3M

43.008 National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Aeronautics Research

Research to advance aviation technology, safety, and operations for the benefit of the nation.

Eligible: educational institution · for profit small business

Up to $3M

43.001 National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Aerospace Education Services

Education programs in aerospace science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.

Eligible: educational institution · nonprofit

Up to $1M

47.080 National Science Foundation

Antarctic Research Grants

Supports scientific research in Antarctica including glaciology, geology, biology, and atmospheric sciences.

Eligible: educational institution

Up to $2M

81.049 U.S. Department of Energy

Basic Energy Sciences

Fundamental research in materials and chemical sciences to advance energy technologies.

Eligible: educational institution

Up to $5M

47.074 National Science Foundation

Biological Sciences

Research in cellular, molecular, organismal, and ecological biology.

Eligible: educational institution

Up to $2M

81.010 National Institutes of Health

Biomedical Research Grants

Fundamental biomedical research at universities and research hospitals to understand disease mechanisms.

Eligible: educational institution

Up to $5M

47.070 National Science Foundation

Computer and Information Science and Engineering

Grants for research in computing, information, and communications systems and applications.

Eligible: educational institution

Up to $3M

81.086 U.S. Department of Energy

Conservation Research and Development

Applied research on energy conservation technologies for buildings, industry, and transportation.

Eligible: educational institution · nonprofit

Up to $2M

47.041 National Science Foundation

Convergence Accelerators

Accelerates convergence research addressing critical national challenges through use-inspired research programs.

Eligible: educational institution · for profit small business

Up to $5M

81.089 U.S. Department of Energy

Critical Materials Research and Development

Research to reduce reliance on critical materials including rare earths in energy technologies.

Eligible: educational institution · for profit small business

Up to $5M

47.050 National Science Foundation

Division of Ocean Sciences

Research on ocean systems, biogeochemistry, marine biology, and physical oceanography.

Eligible: educational institution

Up to $2M

81.127 U.S. Department of Energy

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Research

Research and development of energy efficient technologies and renewable energy systems.

Eligible: educational institution · for profit small business

Up to $5M

81.117 U.S. Department of Energy

Energy Storage Technologies

Development of advanced battery and energy storage technologies for grid and transportation applications.

Eligible: educational institution · for profit small business

Up to $10M

47.041 National Science Foundation

Engineering Grants

Research grants in engineering disciplines including chemical, civil, electrical, and mechanical engineering.

Eligible: educational institution

Up to $3M

81.135 U.S. Department of Energy

Environmental Cleanup

Grants to support regulatory oversight of DOE environmental cleanup activities at former nuclear sites.

Eligible: state local gov · tribal gov

Up to $20M

43.003 National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Exploration Systems Research and Development

R&D supporting NASA's exploration systems including advanced propulsion, life support, and habitation.

Eligible: educational institution · for profit small business

Up to $2M

81.089 U.S. Department of Energy

Fossil Energy Research and Development

Research to advance clean fossil energy technologies including carbon capture and advanced coal.

Eligible: educational institution · for profit small business

Up to $5M

47.050 National Science Foundation

Geosciences

Research grants in atmospheric, earth, ocean, and polar sciences.

Eligible: educational institution

Up to $2M

81.049 U.S. Department of Energy

Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies

Research and development of hydrogen production, storage, and fuel cell technologies.

Eligible: educational institution · for profit small business

Up to $5M

47.049 National Science Foundation

Integrative Organismal Systems

Research on organism physiology, behavior, development, and interactions with their environment.

Eligible: educational institution

Up to $1M

47.079 National Science Foundation

International Science and Engineering Research

Grants supporting international research collaborations and exchanges for U.S. scientists and students.

Eligible: educational institution

Up to $1M

47.049 National Science Foundation

Major Research Instrumentation Program

Grants to acquire shared instrumentation to enhance research and training capacity.

Eligible: educational institution · nonprofit

Up to $4M

47.049 National Science Foundation

Mathematical and Physical Sciences

Grants for research in astronomy, chemistry, materials science, mathematics, and physics.

Eligible: educational institution

Up to $2M

43.009 National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NASA University Research Initiative

Competitive grants to universities for fundamental research advancing NASA mission areas.

Eligible: educational institution

Up to $5M

47.083 National Science Foundation

NSF Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)

Phase I and II SBIR grants for small businesses to conduct transformational R&D with commercial potential.

Eligible: for profit small business

Up to $2M

47.084 National Science Foundation

NSF Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR)

Phase I and II STTR grants for small businesses partnering with research institutions on R&D projects.

Eligible: for profit small business

Up to $2M

81.049 U.S. Department of Energy

Nuclear Energy Research and Development

Research on advanced nuclear energy systems, reactor design, and fuel cycles.

Eligible: educational institution · for profit small business

Up to $5M

81.091 U.S. Department of Energy

Nuclear Physics and Fusion Energy Sciences

Basic research in nuclear physics and fusion energy sciences for future energy technologies.

Eligible: educational institution

Up to $3M

81.049 U.S. Department of Energy

Office of Biological and Environmental Research

Research on biological and environmental science to support DOE missions in energy and environmental stewardship.

Eligible: educational institution

Up to $5M

81.049 U.S. Department of Energy

Office of Science Financial Assistance Program

Grants supporting fundamental research in all areas of physical, biological, and computational sciences.

Eligible: educational institution · nonprofit

Up to $5M

47.046 National Science Foundation

Partnerships for Research and Education in Materials

Collaborative research and education partnerships between minority-serving institutions and research centers.

Eligible: educational institution

Up to $6M

47.040 National Science Foundation

Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU)

Supplements research grants to involve undergraduates in meaningful research activities.

Eligible: educational institution

Up to $500K

47.049 National Science Foundation

Research Opportunity Awards

Grants to enable researchers at primarily undergraduate institutions to conduct research.

Eligible: educational institution

Up to $500K

11.417 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Sea Grant Support

Grants to university-based Sea Grant programs for marine and Great Lakes research, education, and outreach.

Eligible: educational institution

Up to $5M

47.075 National Science Foundation

Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences

Research on human behavior, social institutions, language, economics, and decision-making.

Eligible: educational institution

Up to $2M

43.007 National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Space Science Research

Fundamental research in space science including astrophysics, heliophysics, planetary, and Earth science.

Eligible: educational institution

Up to $5M

81.041 U.S. Department of Energy

State Energy Program

Provides financial and technical assistance to states for energy efficiency and renewable energy programs.

Eligible: state local gov

Up to $10M

47.076 National Science Foundation

STEM Education Grants

Grants to improve STEM education for all students from K-12 through graduate levels.

Eligible: educational institution · nonprofit

Up to $3M

43.002 National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Technology Transfer Research

Research and technology transfer to apply NASA technologies to terrestrial applications and industries.

Eligible: educational institution · for profit small business

Up to $2M

81.122 U.S. Department of Energy

Transportation Technologies R&D

Research on advanced vehicle technologies, alternative fuels, and transportation system efficiency.

Eligible: educational institution · for profit small business

Up to $3M

81.057 U.S. Department of Energy

University Coal Research

Research grants to universities for advanced coal technology and clean energy development.

Eligible: educational institution

Up to $1M

81.042 U.S. Department of Energy

Weatherization Assistance for Low-Income Persons

Reduces energy costs for low-income households by improving energy efficiency of their homes.

Eligible: state local gov · nonprofit

Up to $20M

Related

Data sourced from official U.S. government datasets. See our methodology for details. Retrieved and formatted by PlainGrants Editorial